Sodium butyrate powder is a compound with formula Na(C3H7COO). It is the sodium salt of butyric acid. It has various effects on cultured mammalian cells including inhibition of proliferation, induction of differentiation and induction or repression of gene expression. As such, sodium butyrate powder can be used in lab to bring about any of these effects. Specifically, butyrate treatment of cells results in histone hyperacetylation, and butyrate itself inhibits class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, specifically HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC8. Butyrate has been an essential vehicle for determining the role of histone acetylation in chromatin structure and function. Inhibition of HDAC activity is estimated to affect the expression of only 2% of mammalian genes.

Formal Name: butanoic acid, sodium salt

CAS Number: 156-54-7

Synonyms: Butyric Acid

Molecular Formula: C4H7O2 • Na

Formula Weight: 110.1

Purity ≥99%

Formulation: A crystalline solid

Origin: Synthetic

In the lab, sodium butyrate powder is usually found as a white, water-soluble, crystalline solid. The chemical is notable for having a very strong, unpleasant smell that lingers. When working with sodium butyrate, gloves, eye protection and respiratory masks are advised for safety purposes.

The compound is found in human diet, notably produced in large amounts from dietary fiber in the gut and present in Parmesan cheese and butter. Nevertheless, the most common source of sodium butyrate in the gut is from consumption of legumes, which along with fiber have been associated with delayed aging and healthspan.